1. Scope
1.1 These test methods for analysis cover greases of the conventional type, which consist essentially of petroleum oil and soap. The constituents that can be determined are soap, unsaponifiable matter (petroleum oil, and so forth), water, free alkalinity, free fatty acid, fat, glycerin, and insolubles.
NOTE 1 - Any of the test methods described herein are best used by an experienced grease analyst who may also be able to make appropriate adaptations of the techniques as occasion requires.
1.2 A supplementary test method is provided in Appendix X1. This test method is intended primarily for application to greases containing thickeners that are essentially insoluble in n-hexane, and to greases that cannot be analyzed by conventional methods because of the presence of such constituents as nonpetroleum fluids or nonsoap-type thickeners, or both. In some cases, these constituents can react with strong acid or alkaline solutions.
1.3 These test methods appear in the following order:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
D156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)
D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D473 Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method
D1078 Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Organic Liquids
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1353 Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter in Volatile Solvents for Use in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products