ASTM D187 standard test method for burning quality of kerosine
5. Apparatus
5.1 Lamp Assembly, conforming essentially to the shape and dimensions shown in Fig. 1. It is essential to ensure that the burner fits vertically into the oil reservoir and that the wick-guide has parallel sides and is centrally disposed in relation to the slot in the dome of the burner. Any distortion of the wick-guide or dome will hinder attainment of the prescribed flame shape and render subsequent qualitative ratings unreliable.
5.2 Wick, 19-mm paraffin flat, super quality, containing approximately 43 ends of three-ply yarn, woven double plain weave with stitching ends, one blue stripe on one face and one green stripe on the reverse face, woven with approximately 16 picks per 10 mm, and weighing normally 15 g/m. After weaving, the wick shall be boiled in distilled water and dried thoroughly.
5.2.1 The wick shall then be made into rolls and left for seven days before it is cut into 200-mm lengths. The lengths shall then be packed into suitable containers. The ash of the wick shall not exceed 0.4 weight %.
5.3 Sight Gage - A suitable flame-size measuring device, accurate to 1 mm. The sight gage shown in Fig. 2 is satisfactory.
6. Reagents and Materials
6.1 Formula 3A Denatured Ethanol - See Formulas for Denatured Alcohol and Rum.
6.2 Hydrochloric Acid, Dilute (approximately 6 N).
6.3 Kerosine - See Specification D3699.
6.4 Precipitation Naphtha - See Reagent section in Test Method D91.
7. Hazards
7.1 Specific Safety Hazards:
7.1.1 Formula 3A Denatured Ethanol - (Warning - Flammable. Denatured - cannot be made nontoxic.)
7.1.2 Hydrochloric Acid - Dilute 6 N. (Warning - Causes burns. Vapor harmful.)
7.1.3 Kerosine - (Warning - Combustible. Vapor harmful.)
7.1.4 Precipitation Naphtha - (Warning - Extremely flammable. Harmful if inhaled. Vapors may cause flash fire.)
7.2 Technical Precautions:
7.2.1 Test Room - It is desirable to dedicate a suitable room for the exclusive conduct of kerosine burning tests. However, kerosine burning tests can be conducted in any part of a room that is adequately ventilated and reasonably free of drafts. When necessary, the test lamp should be surrounded with a suitable circular shield to protect from drafts. The circular shield is to be constructed of draft-proof material of about 600 mm diameter and height.
7.2.2 Lamp Location - Place the test lamps at least 300 mm apart and 300 mm from any wall or other obstruction.
7.2.3 Test Temperature - Maintain test room temperature above 15°C and allow the temperature of the kerosine to approach equilibrium room temperature within at least 5°C.
8. Sampling
8.1 The fundamental objective of sampling is to obtain a sample for testing purposes that is truly representative of the entire quantity of a given bulk product tank, batch, shipment, and so forth, at the time and place of sampling.
8.2 Thus, the sampling procedures employed are to ensure initial procurement of a representative sample and also preclude subsequent contamination or deterioration of the sample during handling prior to testing. To this end, kerosine samples for burning quality testing are to be obtained and handled in strict accordance with Practices D4057 and D4177. Rigorous compliance with stipulated provisions for precautions, care, and cleanliness during sample handling is an essential requirement.
