ASTM D396 Standard Specification for Fuel Oils
6. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling
6.1 The reader is strongly advised to review all intended test methods prior to sampling in order to understand the importance and effects of sampling technique, proper containers, and special handling required for each test method.
6.2 Correct sampling procedures are critical to obtaining a sample representative of the fuel oil to be tested. Refer to X1.4 for recommendations. The recommended procedures or practices provide techniques useful in the proper sampling or handling of fuels oils.
7. Test Methods
7.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shall be determined in accordance with the following ASTM test methods, except as may be required under 7.1.1.
7.1.1 Flash Point - Test Method D93 (Procedure A) for Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, No. 2 S500, and No. 4 (Light), and Test Method D93 (Procedure B) for Grades No. 4, No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6, except where other methods are prescribed by law. For Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, No. 2 S500, and No. 4 (Light), Test Methods D3828 may be used as an alternate with the same limits. For Grades No. 1, No. 1 Low Sulfur, No. 2, and No. 2 Low Sulfur, Test Method D56 may be used as an alternate with the same limits, provided the flash point is below 93°C and the viscosity is below 5.5 mm2/s at 40°C. This test method will give slightly lower values. In cases of dispute, Test Method D93, with the appropriate procedure, shall be used as the referee method.
7.1.2 Pour Point - Test Method D97. For all grades, the automatic Test Methods D5949, D5950, D5985, D6749, and D6892 can be used as alternates with the same limits. In case of dispute, Test Method D97 shall be used as the referee method. Alternative test methods that indicate flow point properties can be used for low sulfur residual fuels by agreement between purchaser and supplier.
7.1.3 Water and Sediment - The water and sediment in Grade No. 1 S500, No. 1 S5000, No. 2 S500, and No. 2 S5000 shall be determined in accordance with Test Method D2709 and in Grade Nos. 4, 5, and 6 by Test Method D95 and Test Method D473. A density of 1.0 kg/L shall be used for the Test Method D95 water.
7.1.4 Carbon Residue - Test Method D524.
7.1.5 Ash - Test Method D482.
7.1.6 Distillation - Distillation of Grade No. 1 and No. 2 oils shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods D86 or D2887. Results from Test Method D2887 shall be reported as "Predicted D86" results by application of the correlation in Appendix X5 Test Method D2887 to convert the values. In case of dispute, Test Method D86 shall be used as the referee test method.
7.1.7 Viscosity - Viscosity shall be determined in accordance with Test Method D445.
7.1.8 Density - Test Method D1298. Test Method D4052 can be used as an alternate with the same limits. In case of dispute, Test Method D1298 shall be used as the referee method.
7.1.9 Corrosion - Test Method D130, 3-h test at a minimum control temperature of 50°C.
7.1.10 Sulfur - Test Method D129 for Grades 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 and Test Method D2622 for Grades No. 1 S500 and No. 2 S500. Test Methods D1552, D2622, and D4294 can also be used for all grades. In addition, Test Method D1266 can be used for Grade No. 1 S5000, but only with samples having sulfur contents of 0.4 mass % and less (down to 0.01 %). Test Method D5453 can be used for Grades 1 and 2 fuel oils, but only with samples having sulfur contents of 0.8 mass % and less (down to 0.001 %). In case of dispute, Test Method D129 is the referee test method for Grades 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 of this specification and Test Method D2622 is the referee test method for Grades No. 1 S500 and No. 2 S500.
8. Keywords
8.1 biodiesel; biodiesel blend; burner fuels; fuel oils; furnace oils; petroleum and petroleum products
