ASTM D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels
ASTM D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)
6. Apparatus
6.1 Test Room, Bomb, Calorimeter, Jacket, Thermometers, and Accessories, as described in Annex A1.
6.2 Semimicro Analytical Balance, having a sensitivity of 0.01 mg as specified in 10.5.1.
6.3 Heavy-Duty Analytical Balance, having a sensitivity of 0.05 g as specified in 10.7.2.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Purity of Reagents - Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where such specifications are available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
7.2 Purity of Water - Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming to Specification D1193, Type IV or better.
7.3 Benzoic Acid - The acid must be pelleted before use.
7.4 Firing Wire - 0.127 mm (No. 36 gage) platinum wire, No. 34 B & S gage iron wire or Chromel C resistance wire, cut in 100-mm lengths.
7.5 Methyl Red Indicator.
7.6 Oxygen - Commercial oxygen produced from liquid air can be used without purification (Warning - Oxygen vigorously accelerates combustion. (See A3.1.)). Oxygen prepared by electrolysis of water cannot be used without purification as it can contain some hydrogen. Combustible impurities may be removed by passage over copper oxide at 500°C.
7.7 Pressure-Sensitive Tape - Cellophane tape 38 mm wide, free of chlorine and sulfur.
7.8 Alkali, Standard Solutions.
7.8.1 Sodium Hydroxide Solution (0.0866 N) - Dissolve 3.5 g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in water and dilute to 1 L. (Warning - Corrosive. Can cause severe burns or blindness. Evolution of heat produces a violent reaction or eruption upon too rapid mixture with water (see Annex A3.2.)). Standardize with potassium acid phthalate and adjust to 0.0866 N as described in Practice E200, or alternative use.
7.8.2 Sodium Carbonate Solution (0.0725 N) - Dissolve 3.84 g of Na2CO3 in water and dilute to 1 L.
7.9 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane - (isooctane), Standard (Warning - Extremely flammable. Harmful if inhaled. Vapors may cause flash fire. (See Annex A3.3.)).
