ASTM D7566 for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the manufacture of aviation turbine fuel that consists of conventional and synthetic blending components.

1.2 This specification applies only at the point of batch origination, as follows:
1.2.1 Aviation turbine fuel manufactured, certified, and released to all the requirements of Table 1 of this specification (D7566), meets the requirements of Specification D1655 and shall be regarded as Specification D1655 turbine fuel. Duplicate testing is not necessary; the same data may be used for both D7566 and D1655 compliance. Once the fuel is released to this specification (D7566) the unique requirements of this specification are no longer applicable: any recertification shall be done in accordance with Table 1 of Specification D1655.

1.2.2 Field blending of synthesized paraffinic kerosine (SPK) blendstocks, as described in Annex A1 (FT SPK), Annex A2 (HEFA SPK), or Annex A3 (SIP) with D1655 fuel (which may on the whole or in part have originated as D7566 fuel) shall be considered batch origination in which case all of the requirements of Table 1 of this specification (D7566) apply and shall be evaluated. Short form conformance test programs commonly used to ensure transportation quality are not sufficient. The fuel shall be regarded as D1655 turbine fuel after certification and release as described in 1.2.1.

1.2.3 Once a fuel is redesignated as D1655 aviation turbine fuel, it can be handled in the same fashion as the equivalent refined D1655 aviation turbine fuel.

1.3 This specification defines specific types of aviation turbine fuel that contain synthesized hydrocarbons for civil use in the operation and certification of aircraft and describes fuels found satisfactory for the operation of aircraft and engines. The specification is intended to be used as a standard in describing the quality of aviation turbine fuels and synthetic blending components at the place of manufacture but can be used to describe the quality of aviation turbine fuels for contractual transfer at all points in the distribution system.

1.4 This specification does not define the quality assurance testing and procedures necessary to ensure that fuel in the distribution system continues to comply with this specification after batch certification. Such procedures are defined elsewhere, for example in ICAO 9977, EI/JIG Standard 1530, JIG 1, JIG 2, API 1543, API 1595, and ATA-103.

1.5 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for aviation turbine engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.

1.6 While aviation turbine fuels defined by Table 1 of this specification can be used in applications other than aviation turbine engines, requirements for such other applications have not been considered in the development of this specification.

1.7 Synthetic blending components, synthetic fuels, and blends of synthetic fuels with conventional petroleum-derived fuels in this specification have been evaluated and approved in accordance with the principles established in Practice D4054.

1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)
D240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
D1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosine and Aviation Turbine Fuel
D1405 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
D1740 Test Method for Luminometer Numbers of Aviation Turbine Fuels (Withdrawn 2006)
D1840 Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line Sampling
D2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels
D2425 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate Fuels
D2710 Test Method for Bromine Index of Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Electrometric Titration
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
D2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)
D3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in Gasoline, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels (Potentiometric Method)
D3240 Test Method for Undissolved Water In Aviation Turbine Fuels
D3241 Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels
D3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine Fuel
D3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
D3343 Test Method for Estimation of Hydrogen Content of Aviation Fuels
D3701 Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry
D3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup Tester
D3948 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4054 Practice for Qualification and Approval of New Aviation Turbine Fuels and Fuel Additives
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
D4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
D4629 Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Syringe/Inlet Oxidative Combustion and Chemiluminescence Detection
D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)
D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
D4952 Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)
D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
D5001 Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)
D5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation Fuels
D5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Automatic Method) (Withdrawn 2012)
D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)
D5291 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products and Lubricants
D5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Aviation Fuels by Laboratory Filtration
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
D5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Phase Transition Method)
D6045 Test Method for Color of Petroleum Products by the Automatic Tristimulus Method
D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
D6379 Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Aviation Fuels and Petroleum Distillates - High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index Detection
D6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems
D6866 Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Solid, Liquid, and Gaseous Samples Using Radiocarbon Analysis
D7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity)
D7153 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Laser Method)
D7154 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Fiber Optical Method)
D7359 Test Method for Total Fluorine, Chlorine and Sulfur in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures by Oxidative Pyrohydrolytic Combustion followed by Ion Chromatography Detection (Combustion Ion Chromatography-CIC)
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications

2.2 Energy Institute Standards:
EI/JIG 1530 Quality Assurance Requirements for the Manufacture, Storage and Distribution of Aviation Fuels to Airports
IP 12 Determination of Specific Energy
IP 16 Determination of the Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels - Manual Method
IP 30 Detection of Mercaptans, Hydrogen Sulfide, Elemental Sulfur and Peroxides - Doctor Test Method
IP 34 Determination of Flash Point - Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Method
IP 57 Petroleum Products - Determination of the Smoke Point of Kerosine
IP 69 Vapour Pressure-Reid Method (St-B-9)
IP 71, Section 1 Petroleum Products - Transparent and Opaque Liquids - Determination of Kinematic Viscosity and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity
IP 123 Petroleum Products - Determination of Distillation Characteristics at Atmospheric Pressure
IP 154 Petroleum Products - Corrosiveness to Copper - Copper Strip Test
IP 156 Petroleum Products and Related Materials - Determination of Hydrocarbon Types - Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption Method
IP 160 Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products - Laboratory Determination of Density - Hydrometer Method
IP 170 Determination of Flash Point - Abel Closed-Cup Method
IP 216 Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel
IP 225 Determination of Copper in Light Petroleum Distillates - Spectrophotometric Method
IP 227 Corrosiveness to Silver of Aviation Turbine Fuels - Silver Strip Method
IP 274 Determination of Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate Fuels
IP 299 Determination of Bromine Index - Electrometric Titration Method
IP 323 Determination of Thermal Oxidation Stability of Gas Turbine Fuels
IP 336 Petroleum Products - Determination of Sulfur Content - Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
IP 342 Petroleum Products - Determination of Thiol (Mercaptan) Sulfur in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels - Potentiometric Method
IP 354 Determination of the Acid Number of Aviation Fuels-Colour-Indicator Titration Method
IP 365 Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products - Determination of Density - Oscillating U-tube Method
IP 379 Determination of Organically Bound Trace Nitrogen - Oxidative Combustion and Chemiluminescence Method
IP 394 Liquid Petroleum Products - Vapour Pressure - Part 1: Determination of Air Saturated Vapour Pressure (ASVP) and Calculated Dry Vapour Pressure Equivalent (DVPE)
IP 406 Petroleum Products - Determination of Boiling Range Distribution by Gas Chromatography
IP 423 Determination of Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Turbine Fuels by Laboratory Filtration
IP 435 Determination of the Freezing Point of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Automatic Phase Transition Method
IP 436 Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Aviation Fuels and Petroleum Distillates - High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index Detection
IP 438 Determination of Water - Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration Method
IP 475 Petroleum Liquids - Manual Sampling
IP 523 Determination of Flash Point - Rapid Equilibrium Closed Cup Method
IP 524 Determination of Flash/No Flash - Rapid Equilibrium Closed Cup Method
IP 528 Determination for the Freezing Point of Aviation Turbine Fuels - Automatic Fibre Optic Method
IP 529 Determination of the Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels - Automatic Laser Method
IP 540 Determination of the Existent Gum Content of Aviation Turbine Fuel - Jet Evaporation Method
IP 585 Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME), Derived from Bio-diesel Fuel, in Aviation Turbine Fuel - GC-MS with Selective Ion Monitoring/Scan Detection Method
IP 590 Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in Aviation Turbine Fuel - HPLC Evaporative Light Scattering Detector Method

2.3 ANSI Standard:
ANSI 863 Report of Test Results

2.4 API Standards:
API 1543 Documentation, Monitoring and Laboratory Testing of Aviation Fuel During Shipment from Refinery to Airport
API 1595 Design, Construction, Operation, Maintenance, and Inspection of Aviation Pre-Airfield Storage Terminals

2.5 Joint Inspection Group Standards:
JIG 1 Aviation Fuel Quality Control & Operating Standards for Into-Plane Fuelling Services
JIG 2 Aviation Fuel Quality Control & Operating Standards for Airport Depots & Hydrants

2.6 IATA Guidance:
9680–04 IATA Guidance Material on Microbiological Contamination in Aircraft Fuel Tanks

2.7 UOP Test Methods:
UOP 389 Trace Metals in Oils by Wet Ash/ICP-AES

2.8 U.S. Department of Defense Specifications:
MIL-PRF-25017 Inhibitor, Corrosion/Lubricity Improver, Fuel Soluble
QDS-25017 Qualified Data Set for MIL-PRF-25017 (Inhibitor, Corrosion/Lubricity Improver, Fuel Soluble)

2.9 Other Standards:
ATA-103 Standard for Jet Fuel Quality Control at Airports
Defence Standard 91-91 Turbine Fuel, Aviation Kerosine Type, Jet A-1
ICAO 9977 Manual on Civil Aviation Jet Fuel Supply
X001 Test Method for Determination of Farnesane, Saturated Hydrocarbons and Hexahydrofarnesol Content of Synthesized Iso-Paraffins (SIP) Fuels for Blending with Jet Fuel by Gas Chromatography