ASTM D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
ecotoxicity, n - the propensity of a material to produce adverse behavioral, biochemical, or physiological effects in non-human organisms or populations.
effect load XX (ELXX), n - a statistically or graphically estimated loading rate of test material that is expected to cause one or more specified effects in XX % of a group of organisms under specified conditions for a specified time.

DISCUSSION - This terminology should be used for hydraulic fluids instead of the standard effect concentration (ECXX) when the hydraulic fluid is not completely soluble under test conditions.

effect load XX (ELXX), n - a statistically or graphically estimated loading rate of test material that is expected to cause one or more specified effects in XX % of a representative subpopulation of organisms under specified conditions.

DISCUSSION - This terminology should be used instead of the standard ECXX when the test material is not completely soluble at the test treat rates.

effective composition to biodegradation (ECB), n - component of material that can be biodegradable by bacteria.

DISCUSSION - The term ECB is a part of bio-kinetic model is sum of non-aromatic components in a lubricant.

EGT, n - exhaust gas temperature
elastomer, n - a natural or synthetic polymer having the property of substantially recovering its size and shape after removal of a deforming force.
elastomer, n - a natural or synthetic polymer having the rubber-like property of substantially recovering its size and shape after removal of a deforming force.
electrical resistivity, n - the electrical resistance offered by a material to the flow of current, times the cross-sectional area of current flow and per unit length of current path, the reciprocal of conductivity. It is also known as resistivity, or specific resistance.
electrographite, n - in carbon and graphite technology, a synonym for manufactured graphite.
electronic pressure control, n - electronic pneumatic control of carrier gas flows. It can be flow or pressure programmed to speed up elution of components.
emergent stem effect, n - the offset in temperature reading caused by the use of total immersion mercury-in-glass thermometers in the partial immersion mode.

DISCUSSION - In the partial immersion mode, a portion of the mercury thread, that is, the emergent portion, is at a lower temperature than the immersed portion, resulting in a shrinkage of the mercury thread and a lower temperature reading.

emission spectroscopy, n - measurement of energy spectrum emitted by or from an object under some form of energetic stimulation; for example, light, electrical discharge, and so forth.
emulsion, n - a suspension of fine particles or globules, or both, of one or more liquids in another liquid.
end point (EP) or final boiling point (FBP), n - the maximum corrected thermometer reading obtained during the test.

DISCUSSION - This usually occurs after the evaporation of all liquid from the bottom of the flask. The term maximum temperature is a frequently used synonym.

energy equivalent (effective heat capacity or water equivalent) - the energy equivalent of the calorimeter expressed as joules per degree Celsius, J/°C.

DISCUSSION - The energy equivalent may be expressed in any energy unit and any temperature unit so long as the value is used consistently throughout the calculations.

engine motor octane requirement, n - one full motor octane number greater than the maximum motor octane number that results in knock (graphic knock level descriptions can be seen in Annex A1). For example, a test engine knocks on primary reference fuels with 96 and 97 motor octane numbers. The test engine does not knock on a primary reference fuel with a 98 motor octane number. The maximum motor octane number that results in knock is 97, so the motor octane requirement is 98.
engine oil, n - a liquid that reduces friction or wear, or both, between the moving parts within an engine; removes heat, particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves as a combustion gas sealant for piston rings.

DISCUSSION - It may contain additives to enhance certain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit formation, valve train wear, oil oxidation, and foaming are examples.

engine oil, n - a liquid that reduces friction and wear between the moving parts within an engine, and also serves as a coolant.

DISCUSSION - It can contain additives to enhance certain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit formation, valve train wear, oil oxidation, and foaming are examples.

entrained air (or gas), n - in liquids, a two-phase mixture of air (or gas) dispersed in a liquid in which the volume of the liquid is the major component.

DISCUSSION - The air (or gas) is in the form of discrete bubbles of about 10 to 1000 µm in diameter. The bubbles are not uniformly dispersed. In time they tend to rise to the surface to coalesce to form larger bubbles which break or form foam. Subsurface coalescence can also occur, in which case, the bubbles rise more rapidly.

entrained air (or gas), n - in liquids, a two-phase mixture of air (or gas) dispersed in a liquid in which the liquid is the major component on a volumetric basis.

DISCUSSION - The air (or gas) is in the form of discrete bubbles of about 10 to 1000 µm in diameter. The bubbles are not uniformly dispersed. In time, they rise to the surface to coalesce to form larger bubbles which break or form foam. Subsurface coalescence can also occur, in which case, the bubbles will rise more rapidly.

environmental compartment, n - a subdivision of the environment based on physical or chemical properties, or both.

DISCUSSION - Examples of environmental compartments are aerobic fresh water, aerobic marine and aerobic soil. The results of test procedures may be applied to environmental compartments but the test systems do not constitute an environmental compartment.

DISCUSSION - Examples of environmental compartments are aerobic fresh water, aerobic marine, aerobic soil, and anaerobic media. The results of test procedures may be applied to environmental compartments, but the test systems do not constitute an environmental compartment.

EOT, n - end of test
EOTC, n - end of test oil consumption
EP - in tribology, abbreviation for extreme pressure.
EP lubricating oil, n - a liquid lubricant containing an extreme pressure (EP) additive.[D02.L0] D 6425
equilibrium, n - in petroleum products - in petroleum product flash point test methods - the condition where the vapor above the test specimen and the test specimen are at the same temperature at the time the ignition source is applied.

DISCUSSION - This condition may not be fully achieved in practice, since the temperature may not be uniform throughout the test specimen, and the test cover and shutter on the apparatus can be cooler.

equilibrium - the vapor above the liquid (specimen) and the liquid in a flash point apparatus specimen cup are at the same temperature at the time the ignition source is applied.

DISCUSSION - This condition may not be fully achieved in practice. Although the temperature pattern is in equilibrium, the temperature is not uniform throughout the specimen cup because of the contrast between the hot liquid test specimen and the cooler lid and shutter.

equilibrium fuel level, n - for knock testing, test procedure in which the fuel-air ratio for maximum knock intensity for sample and reference fuels is determined by making incremental step changes in fuel-air ratio, observing the equilibrium knock intensity for each step, and selecting the level that produces the highest knock intensity reading.
equilibrium headspace, n - the vapor space above the liquid in which all vapor components are in equilibrium with the liquid components.
erosion, n - wearing away gradually, especially by rubbing or corroding.
ethanol, n - ethyl alcohol, the chemical compound C2H5OH.
ethylene product, n - hydrocarbon product containing at least 99.85 mass % ethylene.
EWMA, n - abbreviation for exponentially-weighted moving average.
exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), n - the mixing of exhaust gas with intake air to reduce the formation of nitrogen oxides (NOx).
extreme pressure (EP) additive, n - in a lubricant, a substance that minimizes damage to metal surfaces in contact under high stress rubbing conditions.
extruded, v - formed by being forced through a shaping orifice as a continuous body.