1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes a two-stroke cycle diesel engine test procedure for evaluating engine oils for certain high-temperature performance characteristics, particularly cylinder liner scuffing and piston ring face distress, but also including port plugging, slipper bushing, and piston skirt distress. Such oils include both single viscosity SAE grade and multiviscosity SAE grade oils used in diesel engines. It is commonly known as the 6V92TA test. (See Note 1.)
NOTE 1 - Companion test methods used to evaluate other engine oil performance characteristics for specification requirements are discussed in Engine Oil tests - SAE J304.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Sections 8, 10, 13, and 14.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup
D240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by X-Ray Spectrometry
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
D4485 Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
D4683 Test Method for Measuring Viscosity at High Temperature and High Shear Rate by Tapered Bearing Simulator
D4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination by Potentiometric Titration
D5185 Test Method for the Determination of Additive Metals, Wear Metals and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils by Inductively-Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
E 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
G 40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
2.2 SAE Standards:
SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine Service Classification
SAE J304 Engine Oil Tests
2.3 Military Specifications:
MIL-L-2104 Lubricating Oil, Internal Combustion Engine, Combat/Tactical Service
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 additive, n - a material added to another, usually in small amounts, to impart or enhance desirable properties or to suppress undesirable properties.
3.1.2 calibrate, v - to determine the indication or output of a measuring device with respect to that of a standard.
3.1.3 candidate oil, n - an oil which is intended to have the performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification and is to be tested against that specification.
3.1.4 corrosion, n - the chemical or electrochemical reaction between a material, usually a metal surface and its environment, that can produce a deterioration of the material and its properties.
3.1.5 debris, n - in internal combustion engines, solid contaminant materials unintentionally introduced into the engine or resulting from wear.
3.1.6 engine oil, n - a liquid that reduces friction or wear, or both, between the moving parts within an engine, removes heat, particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves as a combustion gas sealant for the piston rings.
3.1.6.1 Discussion - It may contain additives to enhance certain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit formation, valve train wear, oil oxidation and foaming are examples.
3.1.7 free piston ring, n - in internal combustion engines, a piston ring that will fall in its groove under its own weight when the piston, with the ring in a horizontal plane, is turned 90° (putting the ring in a vertical plane).
3.1.8 heavy-duty, adj - in internal combustion engine operation, characterized by average speeds, power output, and internal temperatures that are close to the potential maximums.
3.1.9 heavy-duty engine, n - in internal combustion engines, one that is designed to allow operation continuously at or close to its peak output.
3.1.10 lubricant, n - any material interposed between two surfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, between them.
3.1.11 non-reference oil, n - any oil other than a reference oil, such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candidate oil.
3.1.12 plugging, n - the restriction of a flow path due to the accumulation of material along the flow path boundaries.
3.1.13 reference oil - an oil of known performance characteristics, used as a basis for comparison.
3.1.13.1 Discussion - Reference oils are used to calibrate testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or to evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact with oils.
3.1.14 scoring, n - in tribology , a severe form of wear characterized by the formation of extensive grooves and scratches in the direction of sliding.
3.1.15 scuffing, n - in lubrication , damage caused by instantaneous localized welding between surfaces in relative motion which does not result in immobilization of the parts.
3.1.16 soot, n - in internal combustion engines, sub-micron size particles, primarily carbon, created in the combustion chamber as products of incomplete combustion.
3.1.17 tight piston ring, n - in internal combustion engines, a piston ring that will not fall in its groove under its own weight when the piston, with the ring in a horizontal plane, is turned 90° (putting the ring in a vertical plane); by subsequent application of moderate finger pressure, the ring will be displaced.
3.1.18 used oil, n - any oil that has been in a piece of equipment (for example, an engine, gearbox, transformer, or turbine), whether operated or not.
3.1.19 wear, n - the loss of material from, or relocation of material on, a surface.
3.1.19.1 Discussion - Wear generally occurs between two surfaces moving relative to each other, and is the result of mechanical or chemical action or by a combination of mechanical and chemical actions.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 liner scuffing, n - scuffing characterized by vertical markings in the direction of piston motion which obscure visual detection of the honing crosshatch pattern of the liner.
3.2.2 test, n - any engine run-time accumulated beyond the break-in conducted according to this test method.