ASTM D7156 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating diesel engine oils for performance characteristics in a diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation, including viscosity increase and soot concentrations (loading). This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-11.
1.1.1 This test method also provides the procedure for running an abbreviated length test, which is commonly referred to as the T-11A. The procedures for the T-11A are identical to the T-11 with the exception of the items specifically listed in Annex A8. Additionally, the procedure modifications listed in Annex A8 refer to the corresponding section of the T-11 procedure.

1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions - Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A6 for specific safety hazards.

2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate Fuels
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
D3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used Diesel Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography (Withdrawn 2013)
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
D4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration
D5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
D5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel Engine
D6278 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus
D6896 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of Used Engine Oils at Low Temperature
D7109 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus at 30 and 90 Cycles
D7422 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications

3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 blind reference oil, n - a reference oil, the identity of which is unknown by the test facility.
3.1.1.1 Discussion - This is a coded reference oil that is submitted by a source independent from the test facility.

3.1.2 blowby, n - in internal combustion engines, that portion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixture that leaks past piston rings into the engine crankcase during operation.

3.1.3 calibrate, v - to determine the indication or output of a device (e.g., thermometer, manometer, engine) with respect to that of a standard.

3.1.4 candidate oil, n - an oil that is intended to have the performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification and is intended to be tested against that specification.

3.1.5 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), n - the mixing of exhaust gas with intake air to reduce the formation of nitrogen oxides (NOx).

3.1.6 heavy-duty, adj - in internal combustion engine operation, characterized by average speeds, power output and internal temperatures that are close to the potential maximums.

3.1.7 heavy-duty engine, n - in internal combustion engine types, one that is designed to allow operation continuously at or close to its peak output.

3.1.8 non-reference oil, n - any oil other than a reference oil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candidate oil.

3.1.9 non-standard test, n - a test that is not conducted in conformance with the requirements in the standard test method; such as running on an uncalibrated test stand, using different test equipment, applying different equipment assembly procedures, or using modified operating conditions.

3.1.10 oxidation, n - of engine oil, the reaction of the oil with an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, that can produce deleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifested as sludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, or corrosion, or combination thereof.

3.1.11 reference oil, n - an oil of known performance characteristics, used as a basis for comparison.
3.1.11.1 Discussion - Reference oils are used to calibrate testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or to evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact with oils.

3.1.12 sludge, n - in internal combustion engines, a deposit, principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation products from fuel combustion and the lubricant, that does not drain from engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.

3.1.13 standard test, n - a test on a calibrated test stand, using the prescribed equipment that is assembled in accordance with the requirements in the test method, and conducted in accordance with the specified operating conditions.

3.1.14 varnish, n - in internal combustion engines, a hard, dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solvents but not by wiping with a cloth.

3.1.15 wear, n - the loss of material from a surface, generally occurring between two surfaces in relative motion, and resulting from mechanical or chemical action, or a combination of both.