-
ASTM D95 method for water in petroleum products by distillation
11. Calculation11.1 Calculate the water in the sample, as weight or volume percent, in accordance with the basis on which the sample was taken, as follows: 12. Report12.1 Report the results as the water content to the nearest 0.05% if the 2-mL receiver has been used and to the nearest 0.1% if the 10-mL ...
-
ASTM D95 method for water in petroleum products by distillation
10. ProcedureNOTE 4 - The precision of this test method will be affected by water droplets adhering to surfaces in the apparatus and therefore not settling into the water trap to be measured. To minimize the problem, all apparatus must be cleaned chemically at least daily to remove surface films and ...
-
ASTM D95 method for water in petroleum products by distillation
8. Sampling8.1 Sampling is defined as all steps required to obtain an aliquot of the contents of any pipe, tank, or other system and to place the sample into the laboratory test container. Only representative samples obtained as specified in Practices D4057 (API MPMS Chapter 8.1) and D4177 (API MPMS ...
-
ASTM D95 method for water in petroleum products by distillation
7. Apparatus7.1 General - The apparatus comprises a glass or metal still, a heater, a reflux condenser, and a graduated glass trap. The still, trap, and condenser may be connected by any suitable method that produces a leakproof joint. Preferred connections are ground joints for glass and O-rings for ...
-
ASTM D95 method for water in petroleum products by distillation
4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The material to be tested is heated under reflux with a water-immiscible solvent, which co-distills with the water in the sample. Condensed solvent and water are continuously separated in a trap, the water settling in the graduated section of the trap and the solvent returning ...
-
ASTM D95 method for water in petroleum products by distillation
1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of water in the range from 0 to 25% volume in petroleum products, tars, and other bituminous materials by the distillation method.NOTE 1 - Volatile water-soluble material, if present, may be measured as water.1.2 The specific products considered during ...
-
ASTM D445 - Calibration
A2.2.1 Use liquid-in-glass thermometers with an accuracy after correction of 0.02°C or better, calibrated by a laboratory meeting the requirements of ISO9000 or ISO17025, and carrying certificates confirming that the calibration is traceable to a national standard. As an alternative, use thermometric ...
-
ASTM D445 - Short-Range Specialized Thermometer
A2.1.1 Use a short-range specialized thermometer conforming to the generic specification given in Table A2.1 and Table A2.2 and to one of the designs shown in Fig. A2.1.A2.1.2 The difference in the designs rests mainly in the position of the ice point scale. In Design A, the ice point is within the scale ...
-
ASTM D445 - Viscometer types and certified viscosity reference standards
A1.1 Viscometer TypesA1.1.1 Table A1.1 lists capillary viscometers commonly in use for viscosity determinations on petroleum products. For specifications, operating instructions, and calibration, refer to specifications in Specifications D446.A1.1.2 Table A1.2 lists certified viscosity reference standards.
-
ASTM D445 method for kinematic viscosity of transparent and opaque liquids
17. Precision17.1 Comparison of Determined Values:17.1.1 Determinability (d) - The difference between successive determined values obtained by the same operator in the same laboratory using the same apparatus for a series of operations leading to a single result, would in the long run, in the normal ...
