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ASTM D4865 Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Sy
ASTM D4865 Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems7. Possible Approaches to Electrostatic Charge Alleviation7.1 A number of approaches to alleviate electrostatic charging problems are described in Refs (1, 2, 7, 8, 9). These approaches try to reduce or eliminate charge ...
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ASTM D4865 Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Sy
ASTM D4865 Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems5. Background5.1 Ignition Principles:5.1.1 For ignition to occur, it is necessary to have an ignition source of sufficient energy and a mixture of fuel and air in the flammable range. The boundaries of the flammable ...
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ASTM D4865 Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Sy
ASTM D4865 Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems4. Significance and Use4.1 Pumping, filtering, and tank filling of petroleum products, particularly refined distillates, can cause the generation and accumulation of electrostatic charges and can result in static discharges ...
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ASTM D4865 Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Sy
ASTM D4865 Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems1. Scope1.1 This guide describes how static electricity may be generated in petroleum fuel systems, the types of equipment conducive to charge generation, and methods for the safe dissipation of such charges. This guide ...
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ASTM D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels
ASTM D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon FuelsASTM D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)12. Report12.1 Net heat of combustion is the quantity required in practical applications. Both gross and net heat are ...
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ASTM D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels
ASTM D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon FuelsASTM D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)11. Calculation11.1 Temperature Rise Isoperibol Method - Using data obtained in Section 10, plot a graph of readings ...
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ASTM D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels
ASTM D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon FuelsASTM D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)10. Procedure10.1 Turn on the apparatus. Make all electrical connections and open the water lines.10.2 Before beginning, ...
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ASTM D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels
ASTM D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon FuelsASTM D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Arrangement of Apparatus - Install the thermometers as recommended by the manufacturer ...
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ASTM D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels
ASTM D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon FuelsASTM D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)6. Apparatus6.1 Test Room, Bomb, Calorimeter, Jacket, Thermometers, and Accessories, as described in Annex A1.6.2 Semimicro ...
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ASTM D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels
ASTM D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon FuelsASTM D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The heat of combustion is determined by burning a weighed sample in an oxygen-bomb calorimeter ...
