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ASTM D6304 for water in petroleum products by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the direct determination of water in the range of 10 to 25 000 mg/kg entrained water in petroleum products and hydrocarbons using automated instrumentation. This test method also covers the indirect analysis of water thermally removed from samples and swept with dry ...
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ASTM D93 for flash point by Pensky-Martens closed cup tester
Flash point test and flammability of mixturesX2.1 While the flash point can be used to indicate the flammability of liquid materials for certain end uses, flash point does not represent the minimum temperature at which a material can evolve flammable vapors.X2.2 There are instances with pure materials ...
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ASTM D93 for flash point by Pensky-Martens closed cup tester
Flash point masking phenomenonX1.1 A condition during flash point testing can occur with certain mixtures whereby the nonflammable component of the sample tends to inert the vapor space above the liquid, thus preventing a flash. Under this condition, the flash point of the material is masked resulting ...
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ASTM D93 for flash point by Pensky-Martens closed cup tester
Verification of apparatus performanceA4.1 Certified Reference Material (CRM) - CRM is a stable, pure (99 + more % purity) hydrocarbon or other stable petroleum product with a method-specific flash point established by a method-specific interlaboratory study following ASTM RR:D02-1007 guidelines11 or ...
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ASTM D93 for flash point by Pensky-Martens closed cup tester
Manufacturing standardization of thermometer and ferruleA2.1 The low-range thermometer, which conforms also to the specification for the cup thermometer in the tag closed tester (Test Method D 56) and which frequently is fitted with a metal ferrule intended to fit the collar on the cover of the tag flash ...
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ASTM D93 for flash point by Pensky-Martens closed cup tester
Apparatus specificationsA1.1 A typical assembly of the apparatus, gas heated, is shown in Fig. A1.1. The apparatus shall consist of a test cup, cover, and stove conforming to the following requirements:A1.1.1 Cup - The cup shall be of brass, or other nonrusting metal of equivalent heat conductivity, ...
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ASTM D93 for flash point by Pensky-Martens closed cup tester
Precision, calculation, and report for procedures A and B13. Calculation13.1 Observe and record the ambient barometric pressure (see Note 11) at the time of the test. When the pressure differs from 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg), correct the flash point as follows:NOTE 11 - The barometric pressure used in this ...
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ASTM D93 for flash point by Pensky-Martens closed cup tester
Procedure B12. Procedure12.1 Manual Apparatus12.1.1 Ensure that the sample container is filled to the volume capacity requirement specified in 8.2. Fill the test cup with the test specimen to the filling mark inside of the test cup. The temperature of the test cup and test specimen shall be at least ...
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ASTM D93 for flash point by Pensky-Martens closed cup tester
Procedure A11. Procedure11.1 Manual Apparatus11.1.1 Ensure that the sample container is filled to the volume capacity requirement specified in 8.2. Fill the test cup with the test specimen to the filling mark inside of the test cup. The temperature of the test cup and test specimen shall be at least ...
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ASTM D93 for flash point by Pensky-Martens closed cup tester
9. Preparation of Apparatus9.1 Support the manual or automated apparatus on a level steady surface, such as a table.9.2 Tests are to be performed in a draft-free room or compartment. Tests made in a laboratory hood or in any location where drafts occur are not reliable.NOTE 7 - A shield, of the approximate ...
