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ASTM D93 for flash point by Pensky-Martens closed cup tester
8. Sampling8.1 Obtain a sample in accordance with instructions given in Practices D 4057, D 4177, or E 300.8.2 At least 75 mL of sample is required for each test. Refer to Practice D 4057. When obtaining a sample of residual fuel oil, the sample container shall be from 85 to 95 % full. For other types ...
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ASTM D93 for flash point by Pensky-Martens closed cup tester
6. Apparatus6.1 Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Apparatus (manual) - This apparatus consists of the test cup, test cover and shutter, stirring device, heating source, ignition source device, air bath, and top plate described in detail in Annex A1. The assembled manual apparatus, test cup, test cup cover, and ...
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ASTM D93 for flash point by Pensky-Martens closed cup tester
5. Significance and Use5.1 The flash point temperature is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties which must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.5.2 ...
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ASTM D93 for flash point by Pensky-Martens closed cup tester
3. Terminology3.1 Definitions3.1.1 dynamic, adj - in petroleum products - the conditionwhere the vapor above the test specimen and the test specimen are not in temperature equilibrium at the time that the ignition source is applied.3.1.1.1 Discussion - This is primarily caused by the heating of the test ...
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ASTM D93 for flash point by Pensky-Martens closed cup tester
1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the flash point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40 to 370°C by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus, and the determination of the flash point of biodiesel in the ...
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ASTM D93 for flash point by Pensky-Martens closed cup tester
IntroductionThis flash point test method is a dynamic test method and depends on definite rates of temperature increases to control the precision of the test method. The rate of heating may not in all cases give the precision quoted in the test method because of the low thermal conductivity of certain ...
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ASTM D92 - Technique to prevent surface skin formation
Technique to prevent surface skin formation when testing flash point of asphalts by test Method D92X1.1 IntroductionX1.1.1 This technique to prevent surface skin formation when testing flash point of asphalts by Test Method D92 was developed by Imran Hussami of Frontier El Dorado Refining Company.X1.2 ...
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ASTM D92 - Verification of apparatus performance
A2.1 Certified Reference Material (CRM) - CRM is a stable, pure (99 + more % purity) hydrocarbon or other stable petroleum product with a method-specific flash point established by a method-specific interlaboratory study following RR:D02-1007 guidelines or ISO Guide 34 and 35. A2.1.1 Typical values ...
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ASTM D92 - Cleveland open cup tester
A1.1 Test Cup, conforming to Fig. 3 with dimensions as shown with the figure. The cup shall be made of brass or other non-rusting metal of equivalent heat conductivity. The cup may be equipped with a handle.A1.2 Heating Plate, shall be of sufficient dimension and materials to ensure that thermal heat ...
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ASTM D92 for flash and fire points by Cleveland open cup tester
14. Precision and Bias14.1 Precision - The precision of this test method as determined by the statistical examination of the interlaboratory test results is as follows:14.1.1 Repeatability - The difference between successive results, obtained by the same operator with the same apparatus under constant ...
