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The Chemistry of Karl Fischer Titration
The Karl Fischer technique for water determination is a titration reaction based on the Bunsen equation as follows:(1) ROH + SO2 + R'N - [R'NH]SO3R(2) [R'NH]SO3R + H2O + I2 + 2R'N - 2[R'NH]I + [R'NH]SO4RRemarks: R'N = base, ROH = alcohol, typically methanolThe oxidation of alkylsulfite to alkylsulfate ...
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High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Fural Analysis
High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Fural Analysis (Furaldehyde in oil)Furaldehydes (Furals) are chemicals formed when cellulose paper degrades due to overheating. The status of solid insulation can be measured using liquid oil insulation. Degrees of Polymerization (DP) is a test done on the paper ...
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Method for Furan Analysis
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a reliable method to perform furan analysis on transformer oil. The standards are IEC 61198 and ASTM D5837. IEC 61198: Method for the determination of 2-furfural and related compounds in mineral insulating oils. This International Standard specifies test ...
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Physicochemical Constants of Furfural(furaldehyde)
GB No.: 33581CAS No.: 98-01-1Formula: C5H4O2, C4H3OCHOAppearance and properties: Colorless to yellow liquid, with almond-like odorMolecular weight: 96.09Vapor pressure: 0.33kPa/25℃Flash point: 60℃Refractive index: 1.5263Melting point: -36.5℃Boiling point: 161.1℃Solubility: Slightly soluble in ...
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The Furan Analysis Process
Furan analysis shows the condition of the paper insulation with an oil sample. Over time, the cellulose insulating material will experience degradation. An aromatic compound is produced during this degradation called furan. Testing is performed for five furans: • 5H2F (5-hydroxymethl – 2-furaldehyde) ...
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Evaluation of Transformer Solid Insulation
Direct EvaluationThe mechanical properties of insulating paper can be established by direct measurement of its tensile strength or degree of polymerization(DP). These properties are used to evaluate the end of reliable life or paper insulation. It is generally suggested that DP values of 150 - 250 represent ...
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What is Karl Fischer reagent?
Karl Fischer reagent is a mixture of dehydrated methanol, iodine, sulphur dioxide and pyridine. Nowadays, due to extremely toxic behaviour of pyridine, it is usuallly replaced byamines.
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Transformer Oil Recycling Equipment
Double-stage transformer oil purifier is designed to recycle transformer oil, cable oil, switch oil and other insulation oil in power stations, power sub-stations and manufacturing enterprises etc., and particularly in 110KV power distribution system and grid. It can remove water, gas and impurity from ...
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Transformer Oil Recycling Machine
Single-stage transformer oil purifier is designed to recycle transformer oil, cable oil, switch oil and other insulating oils in power stations, power sub-stations and manufacturing enterprises etc. It can remove water, gas and impurity from the oil quickly and efficiently. After treatment, the oil becomes ...
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Code list of faults detected by DGA
IEC Publication 60599 provides a coded list of faults detected by dissolved gas analysis (DGA) as follows:PD = partial dischargesD1 = discharges of low energyD2 = discharges of high energyT1 = thermal faults of temperature < 300℃T2 = thermal faults of temperature 300℃ < T < 700℃T3 = thermal ...
